FRE 480Y Translation: French to English

2003-2004


  • HT2. Translate the title and the first four paragraphs of the text (from "L’humanité saura-t-elle..." to "... leurs richesses biologiques.").
  • Translation.
  • Remarks on the word États.

    Pour une autre mondialisation

    (Extrait de Jean-Louis Bourque, "Voyage au coeur de la mondialisation", L'Action nationale (Québec), septembre 2002.)

    L’humanité saura-t-elle maîtriser les forces de la mondialisation, domestiquer les forces du marché pour en limiter les ravages et ne pas leur abandonner notre seul espace vital, la Terre comme un vaisseau sans gouvernail et sans pilote ? Tous les signaux du tableau de bord sont au rouge. Qui arrêtera cette course de la consommation inégale à outrance, de la marchandisation totale dans un commerce sans frontières et sans responsabilités ?

    Le marché, nouvelle clef universelle, peut-il ouvrir À TOUS les portes du développement économique et financier à l’américaine ? Ce type de développement est-il la seule source ou le seul mode de développement politique, social et culturel ? Le totalitarisme n’a jamais été bon pour la santé de l’humanité, quelle qu’en ait été la forme : privilèges des rois ou des empereurs, dictature du prolétariat, empires militaires démesurés qui s’effondrent toujours. Quelles autres forces peuvent être mises en concurrence pour sauvegarder la diversité des fonctions nécessaires à la survie de l’humanité ?

    Pour l’immense majorité de l’humanité les fruits de la mondialisation sont durs et amers. Les États n’ont pas la force de défendre la protection de l’environnement et l’identité linguistique et culturelle de leurs populations. Ils n’ont pas trouvé comment redistribuer équitablement la richesse et défendre leur souveraineté. Dans le grand élan d’unité globale, la valeur de la souveraineté semble souvent dépassée, alors que dans les faits, elle est encore vitale, essentielle et fondamentale.

    L’ordre politique national et international est partout contesté par les entreprises et les institutions financières pour qui seules comptent la croissance de leurs profits et la consommation de leur production, où que ce soit sur la planète. Or, la qualité de la vie ne tient pas qu’à la satisfaction des besoins artificiellement créés par les entreprises. Les États devront donc retrouver leur force, assumer leurs nouveaux rôles, maîtriser collectivement les excès du néolibéralisme, protéger et stimuler les activités qui ne sont pas génératrices de profit, et assurer la bio-sécurité en affirmant leur souveraineté sur leurs richesses biologiques.

    Il faut donc rétablir un nouvel ordre économique mondial, un ordre qui sera aussi social, culturel et spirituel. Ce nouvel ordre sera celui des « sociétés civiles » qui devront se réapproprier les mécanismes démocratiques du développement. Ce développement sera local et régional, le plus autosuffisant possible et il revalorisera l’économie sociale et l’esprit coopératif tout en respectant les cycles naturels de la Nature et de la Vie.

    Les Gouvernements devront retrouver leur place dans la consultation publique internationale et ne plus laisser tout le champ libre aux commerçants et aux financiers plus ou moins soucieux du bien-être de l’humanité et plus ou moins responsables de son avenir. Nous avons donc, nous de la « société civile », un devoir d’éducation, d’information et de conscientisation à assumer, si nous voulons véritablement faire en sorte qu’une autre mondialisation soit possible.


    Translation

    For a different globalization

    Will we as a human race (/mankind) be able to master the forces of globalization and tame market forces in order to limit their ravages and not abandon to them our (/its) sole vital space, the Earth as a rudderless and pilotless ship (/vessel)? All signals on the control panel have turned to red. Who will stop this race for unbridled and unequal consumption, for the total commercialization of borderless and irresponsible trade?

    Can the market place, this new universal key, open TO ALL the gates of American-style economic and financial development? Is this type of development the only source or the sole way of political, social and cultural development? Totalitarianism has never been good for the health of mankind, whatever its form: the privileges of kings or emperors, the dictatorship of the proletariat, vast military empires, which always collapse. What other forces can be proposed to save the diversity of the functions necessary for human survival?

    For the immense majority of people the fruits of globalization are hard and bitter. States don't have the strength to defend environmental protection or the linguistic and cultural identity of their populations (/inhabitants). They have not found a way to equitably redistribute wealth and to defend their sovereignty. In the great surge for global unity (/momentum towards globalization) the value of sovereignty often seems outmoded, whereas in fact it is still vital, essential and fundamental.

    National and international political order is everywhere disputed (/challenged /contested) by companies and financial institutions for whom the only thing that counts is increased profits and product consumption, wherever on the planet they can find (/get) them. However, quality of life is not only a matter of the satisfaction of needs artificially created by corporations. States must then restrengthen themselves, take up their new roles, collectively master the excesses of neo-liberalism, protect and stimulate non-profit activities, and ensure bio-security by asserting their sovereignty over their biological resources.

    We must then establish a new world economic order, an order that will also be social, cultural and spiritual. This new order will be that of "civic societies" who will have to reappropriate the democratic mechanisms of development. This development will be local and regional, as self-sufficient as possible, and it will reassert the value of social economy and cooperation while at the same time respecting the natural cycles of Nature and Life.

    Governments must find their place within international public consultation and not leave the field free for traders and financiers more or less caring for the well-being of mankind and more or less responsible for its future. We then, we of the "civic society", have a duty towards education, information and the increasing of awareness if we truly (/really) want to act to make a different sort of globalization possible.


    Remarks on the word États

    The translation "United States" is a howler for two reasons:
    1. It makes no sense in the context ("Les États n’ont pas la force de défendre la protection de l’environnement et l’identité linguistique et culturelle de leurs populations.", etc.).
    2. The colloquial English usage of "the States" to mean "the United States of America" is purely North-American. (In European English, one says "America" or "the United States".) French, whether North-American or European, always says either "les États-Unis" or, in colloquial speech, "les USA". Unfettered globalization is one thing, but the Americanization of Canadian thought is something else, and perhaps more worrying!

    Addendum

    Google Glossary offers the following for the word string "state". One notes ironically the preponderance of American contexts (most, if not all, are legal document type definitions); the pertinent definition is the one given on a U.K. server (#4).
      Definitions for State from the web

      • State" means the State of Maine or any office, department, agency, authority, commission, board, institution, hospital or other instrumentality of the State, including the Maine Turnpike Authority, the Maine Port Authority, the Northern New England Passenger Rail Authority, the Maine Technical College System, the Maine Veterans' Homes, the Maine State Retirement System, the Maine Military Authority and all such other state entities. [2001, c. 374, §5 (amd).]
        http://janus.state.me.us/legis/statutes/14/title14sec8102.html

      • State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. "State" includes an Indian tribe or band or Alaskan native village that is recognized by federal law or formally acknowledged by a state. [1999, c. 762, §2 (new).]
        http://janus.state.me.us/legis/statutes/10/title10sec9402.html

      • State," referring to a state other than this State, refers to any other state or territory, organized or unorganized, of the United States of America. [1977, c. 671, § 3 (new).] Section History:
        http://janus.state.me.us/legis/statutes/15/title15sec201.html

      • The state refers to a group of people inhabiting a specific territory and living according to a common legal and political authority; a body politic or nation. Among types of states that developed at various times in history were the city-states of ancient Greece, in which sovereignty rested with the free citizens of an independent city. The modern European nation-state consists of a group of people with the same or similar nationality inhabiting a definite territory. The term state also includes government, and is often extended to refer to the 'machinery' of the state that it uses to govern and control the people within its territory.
        http://www.ccla.org.uk/aecd/mod3/glossary.htm

      • State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The term "state" includes an Indian tribe and includes a foreign jurisdiction that has established procedures for issuance and enforcement of support orders that are substantially similar to the procedures under this chapter, the Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act, or the Revised Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act. [1997, c. 669, §13 (amd).]
        http://janus.state.me.us/legis/statutes/19-A/title19-Asec2802.html

      • State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The term "state" includes an Indian tribe and includes a foreign jurisdiction that has established procedures for issuance and enforcement of support orders that are substantially similar to the procedures under this chapter, the Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act, or the Revised Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act.
        http://www.worldfamilylaw.com/united_state/p&c/maine/p&c_maine_interstate_2802.htm

      • The state a person is in can be defined as the combination of mental and physical components of their ongoing behaviour, both externally and internally. The individual will respond to stimuli differently, depending upon the state they are in at a particular time. Also, the information that the person receives from the outside world will be filtered according to the state they are in, resulting in a different perception of what is happening. This difference can be empowering or disempowering.
        http://nlpresources.com/intro/jargon.asp

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