Large-scale social and political change is a bit like snow in Timmins or
rain in Vancouver -- it can sneak up on you. By the time you notice, the
effects are pervasive and irreversible. The rising popularity of
privatization in Canada's public colleges and universities reminds me of the
weather, and it has the feel of large-scale change.
Privatization has taken a variety of forms -- the contracting-out of library
cataloguing or food services or dormitory cleaning; the transfer of
university research and development facilities to local industry; the
99-year lease of university lands for real estate development. And there are
innumerable quasi-privatizations -- the granting of monopolies for on-campus
services and the "sale" of a university's name to support fund-raising,
especially to encourage matching grants to the university itself.
These cases help in making a workable definition of "privatization";
nowadays it will mean permanent or temporary transfer of university property
or rights or services, out of university ownership, control, or regulation
and into the hands of private interests.
Although Canada's universities have enjoyed a long and mutually respectful
relationship with the private sector -- indeed, much of our best research
has been done in response to social and industrial demands that came from
the private sector, they have also encouraged entrepreneurs, private and
public corporations, alumni and other individuals to donate funds for
scholarships, research, professorial chairs, student services, and
buildings.
In this two-way relationship, Canadian universities have retained control
of their programs and properties.
How the weather has changed! Since 1973, public funding of post-secondary
education has declined year by year, decade by decade. Not surprisingly,
university administrators began to cosy up to private and corporate donors.
When that strategy failed to produce the needed funds, the next step was a
milder and gentler privatization -- the raising of tuition fees. (In some
Maritime universities students pay more than half of their institutions'
operating costs and expect, as paying "customers", to have an important part
in decision making.)
But what makes the greatest difference, perhaps even more than cuts in
public funding, is the rise of neo-rightist market theory. Proponents of the
theory argue that application of market principles will make public
education flexible, innovative and cheap. If universities and colleges have
to move fast to open programs in areas of high demand, they will also move
fast to close programs that do not yield immediate and useful employment.
Even better, market discipline would cause the re-invention of the
university -- to make it industry-sensitive and client-driven, effective and
"lean". Privatization is a preferred technique on the road to re-invention.
These recent developments have made good old-fashioned philanthropy quite
difficult. Unencumbered gifts (money with no strings attached) become scarce
in a period when "inputs" are nearly always tied to "outputs". If a
pharmaceutical giant "gives" millions of dollars to a medical faculty, and
expects the money to produce useful knowledge, but limits the rights of
researchers to publish their findings -- a whole new atmosphere of secrecy
and intellectual privacy is the result.
True "privatizations" lead in a dangerous direction, to the loss of
autonomy. It happens little by little. When donors ask not just to have
buildings or programs named after them but also to influence appointments,
tenure, and curriculum -- then we are in trouble. When all of this happens
behind a curtain of administration-imposed confidentiality, the trouble
becomes disaster. Worst of all, when privatizations, large and small,
distract our universities and colleges from their public purposes, we stand
at the edge of a new country, a country where knowledge is granted to the
wealthy, where research is restricted by the market and insulated from
public criticism, and the university becomes a closed industry.
In the end, privatization of our public colleges and universities would mean
the sale of our birthright, and it must be resisted.
(650 words, according to WordPerfect 5.1)
(779 mots, selon WordPerfect 5.1)
Notes sur le titre et le premier paragraphe. 1. "Creeping" -> "De plus en plus populaires": dilution (5 mots contre 1) et modulation (image de la plante qui grandit -> prolifération d'une pratique sociale). 2. "threatens" -> "risque de nuire à": dilution + attenuation, ou modulation aspect actif -> aspect passif. 3. "autonomy" -> "l'autonomie des universités": explicitation entraînée par le sémantisme de la structure du français (il ne s'agit pas de l'autonomie générique mais d'une autonomie spécifique). 4. "social and political" -> "socio-politiques": articulation par coordination -> articulation par subordination. 5. "change" -> "les changements": modulation du collectif vers le pluralité. 6. "can sneak up on you" -> "s'installent furtivement": chassé-croisé (sens: "sneak up" -> "furtivement"; "on" -> "s'installent"); modulation de possibilité ("can") -> fait (pas de modal); modulation concret ("you") -> abstrait; modulation dynamique ("sneak up") -> statique ("s'installent"). 7. "By the time" -> "Lorsque": modulation d'intervalle ("by the time") -> moment ("lorsque"); plus sous-transposition locution conjonctive -> conjonction. 8. "you notice" -> "vous les remarquez": explication obligatoire (idiomacité) du complément d'objet direct. 9. "the effects" -> "leurs effets": changement idiomatique de déictique (déterminant) explicitant en français l'aspect anaphorique de la référence. 10. "are pervasive" -> "se font déjà sentir un peu partout": modulation abstrait ("pervasive" est général) -> concret ("sentir" est particulier); modulation passif ("are" = état) -> actif ("se font sentir"); transposition et dilution ("pervasive" = adj. -> "un peu partout" = adv.); "déjà" compense la perte obligatoire de l'immédiateté de "by" (dans "by the time" - cf. note 7). 11. "and irreversible" -> "et ils sont irréversibles": ajout nécessaire de "sont" puisque le premier verbe était différent; ajout facultatif de "ils". 12. "rising" -> "grandissante": modulation du vertical particulier vers l'augmentation générale. 13. "and it has the feel of" -> "et ressemble à": ellipse facultative du sujet (cf. note 11); modulation du concret (sens spécifique du toucher) -> abstrait (les sens en général ou la perception intellectuelle). 14. "change" -> "un changement": modulation du collectif général vers le singulier particulier.