Bibliography

B. List of authors and works

Following is a list of works discussed in our study, arranged alphabetically by author, or by title if they are anonymous. Each item includes a short description, references to the publications in Part A in which they are mentioned, and details (where known) of manuscripts and editions.

1. Pre-Print Works

  • Aalma, late 13th-early 14th c., group of Latin-French alphabetical glossaries, based on the Catholicon of John Balbi of Genoa, and source of the printed Latin-French Catholicon abbreviatum.
    Lit.     Bray 1989b: 1789; Lindemann 1985: 57f.; Lindemann 1994: 202-21; Littré 1852: 33f.; Merrilees 1990: 286f.; Merrilees 1993: 1f.; Monfrin 1988: 30f.; Naïs 1986; Roques 1938; Wagner 1967: I, 102f.
    Ed. ms. Lille BM 388, Scheler 1865a; ms. Paris BN 13032, Roques 1938.
    Mss. Paris BN lat. 13032; Paris BN lat. 17881, Paris BN lat. 14748; Paris BN lat. 7679; Exeter 3517; Salins BM 44; Lille BM 388 (now n° 147); Metz BM 510; Saint-Omer BM 644; Troyes BM 1459; Angers BM 417 - fragments of letters D, E, F; Épinal BM 224; Paris AN M897; Metz BM 1182; Paris, BN nouv.acq.fr. 24398, ff. 14-25 - fragment of M, complete N and O, fragment of P.

  • Abavus, 8th-9th c., Latin alphabetical glossary (or group of glossaries).
    Ed.     CGL, IV, 301-403, 589-99; GL, II, 29-121.

  • Abavus, late 13th-early 14th c., group of Latin-French alphabetical glossaries. Some mss. based on Papias, others on Balbi.
    Lit.     Bray 1989b: 1789; Buridant 1986: 28; Chassant 1877; Holmér 1964; Lindemann 1985: 56; Lindemann 1994: 137-49, 176-201; Merrilees 1990: 286f.; Merrilees 1993: 1f.; Roques 1936b; Wagner 1967: I, 100f.
    Ed. 5 mss. Roques 1936b.
    Mss. Douai BM 62, Evreux BM 23, Vatican lat. 2748, Paris BN lat. 7692, Conches BM 1, Trier SB 1125.

  • Abolita and Abstrusa, beg. of 8th and beg. of 7th c., Latin alphabetical glossaries.
    Lit.     Laistner 1931: 177; Lindsay 1917; Weijers 1989: 140.
    Ed. CGL, IV, 3-198 (Abstrusa); GL, III, 1-90 (Abstrusa), 93-183 (Abolita).

  • Adam of Petit Pont, De utensilibus ad domum regendam pertinentibus, c.1150, Latin thematic glossary describing people and objects encountered on a visit to the author's estate in England. Some mss. contain English and French glosses.
    Lit.     Buridant 1986: 14; Hunt T. 1991: I, 165f.; Lindemann 1994: 123f.; Manitius: III, 202f.; Scheler 1867.
    Ed. Scheler 1867; Hunt, T. 1991: I.
    15 mss.

  • Alexander Nequam, De nominibus utensilium, 12th c., Latin thematic glossary of everyday objects and occupations. Some mss. contain English and French glosses.
    Lit.     Buridant 1986: 14; Collison 1982: 48; Hessels 1019: 127; Hunt T. 1979b; Hunt T. 1991: I, 177f; Sandys 1921: I, 548; Scheler 1866; Weijers 1989: 146.
    Ed. Scheler 1866; Wright 1857: 96-119; extracts Hunt, T. 1991: I.
    30+ mss.

  • Alexander of Villedieu, Doctrinale, c.1199, Latin grammar in 3 parts; one of several new grammars which began to replace Donatus and Priscian. Many mss. contain French glosses.
    Lit.     Allen 1914: 41f.; Artz 1966: 8; Buridant 1986: 16; Delisle 1894; Hunt T. 1979b; Hunt T. 1991: I, 83; Matoré 1968: 46, 50; Sandys 1921: I, 5-54.
    400+ mss.

  • Aristophanes, Lexeis, 3rd c. B.C., systematically-arranged dictionary using a derivational approach to show the original meaning of every word.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 26f.; Sandys 1921: I, 126f.
    Ed. Cantarella, Aristofane, Milan 1948.

  • Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 2nd c., a compilation of earlier scholarship on Latin language and literature, and on law and philosophy. 100+ chapters concern Latin lexicography, 10 chapters deal with etymology, and 30+ chapters discuss Latin grammar.
    Lit.     Bertini 1981: 399; Sandys 1921: I, 211f.

  • Auricept, 7th c. Irish grammar and glossary, the oldest treatise of any language of Western Europe.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 40.

  • Brito 2, 14th c., double glossary, Latin-French and French-Latin, containing 4,825 entries. Based on the Summa Britonis and the Graecismus.
    Lit.     Grondeux 1994; Merrilees 1990: 287; Merrilees 1994b: 8; Monfrin 1988: 31.
    Ed. in progress, Grondeux.
    Ms. Montpellier, Faculté de Médecine H236.

  • Catholicon anglicum, English-Latin lexicon, based on the Catholicon, Brito, Hugutio and others. Close similarities with the Synonyma of John of Garland.
    Lit.     Buridant 1986: 31; Starnes 1954: 19f.; Wallis 1981: 75.
    Ed. Herrtage, London, 1881

  • Catholicon latin-français, alphabetical Latin-French dictionary, based mainly on the Catholicon of John Balbi.
    Lit.     Bray 1989b: 1789; Lindemann 1994: 247-50; Merrilees 1990: 287; Merrilees 1993: 5f.; Merrilees 1994b: 10f.; Monfrin 1988: 29f.; Nobel 1986
    Ed. in progress, Merrilees-Edwards-Nobel.
    Ms. Montpellier Faculté de Médecine H110 (c.1370-1380); Stockholm KB N78 (mid-15th c.),

  • Corpus, Erfurt, Leiden and Epinal Glossaries, 8th-9th c., Latin alphabetical glossaries with some Anglo-Saxon glosses.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 40f.; Hessels 1910: 126.
    Ed. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger 1988

  • Dionysius Thrax, Ars grammatica, 2nd c. BC, earliest extant grammar, which greatly influenced later Greek and Roman grammarians and lexicographers.
    Lit.     Amsler 1989: 17; Collison 1982: 27; Sandys 1921: I, 138f.

  • Donatus, Ars minor and Ars maior, 4th c., basic Latin grammars used throughout the Middle Ages.
    Lit.     Amsler 1989: 59f.; Collison 1982: 36; Merrilees 1987; Sandys 1921: I, 230f.
    Ed. Mainz 1452 and many other early editions; Holtz 1981.

  • Dositheus Magister, Pseudo-Dositheana Hermeneumata, 3rd C., Greek and Latin glossary and conversation book.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 36; Copeland 1991: 38; Sandys 1921: I, 451.
    Ed. CGL, III 1892

  • Eberhard of Bethune, Graecismus, c. 1210, Latin grammar in fifteen books of hexameters, includes all aspects of grammar and glossography.
    Lit.     Allen 1914: 39f.; Buridant 1986: 16; Della Casa 1981: 44; Hunt T. 1979c: 21f.; Manitius: III, 747f.; Matoré 1968: 46; Sandys 1921: I, 667.
    Ed. J. Wrobel, Breslau 1887.

  • Erotian, Collection of Technical Terms in Hippocrates, 1st c., compilation of medical terms.
    Lit.     Daly 1967: 34; Sandys 1921: I, 329.

  • Fabius Planciades Fulgentius, Expositio sermonum antiquorum, 6th c. Latin glossary.
    Lit.     Hessels 1910: 126.

  • Firmin Le Ver, Dictionarius, 1420-1440, large Latin-French dictionary based on the Catholicon of John Balbi and on other sources including Papias, Hugutio and Donatus. Combines absolute alphabetical order with the derivational system. Closely related to the manuscript Glossarium gallico-latinum and the printed Vocabularius familiaris et compendiosus.
    Lit.     Bray 1989b: 1789; Firmin-Didot 1868: 101f.; Lindemann 1985: 56f.; Lindemann 1994: 240-4; Merrilees 1988; Merrilees 1991; Merrilees 1992a; Merrilees 1993: 7f.; Merrilees 1994a: 54f.; Merrilees-Edwards 1989; Monfrin 1988: 30.
    Ed. Merrilees (with William Edwards) 1994.
    Ms. Paris BN nouv.acq.fr. 1120.

  • Galen, Interpretation of Hippocratic Glosses, 2nd c., collection of medical terms in alphabetical order.
    Lit.     Daly 1967: 34; Sandys 1921: I, 329.

  • Glossae Eucherii, 5th c., Latin glossary of terms extracted from the Formulae spiritalis intelligentiae of Saint Eucherius.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 36; Hessels 1910: 126.

  • Glossarium Ansileubi - see Liber glossarium.

  • Glossarium gallico-latinum, 15th c., French-Latin glossary, alphabetical to first letter. Closely related to the Dictionarius of Firmin Le Ver and to the Vocabularius familiaris et compendiosus of Guillaume Le Talleur.
    Lit.     Firmin-Didot 1868: 105; Lindemann 1994: 171; Littré 1852: 30f.; Merrilees 1992b; Merrilees 1993: 4f.; Merrilees 1994b; Monfrin 1988: 31f.
    Ed. in progress, Merrilees-Edwards.
    Ms. Paris BN lat. 7684.

  • Glossarium Salomonis, two versions, end of 8th c. and 10th c., large alphabetical Latin glossary; in some mss. attributed to Salomo III, abbot of St. Gall and Bishop of Constance. Largely based on the Liber glossarum.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 43; Hessels 1019: 127; Lindemann 1994: 94; McGeachy 1938
    Ed. Augsberg c.1475, with German glosses.

  • Guillelmus (William) Brito, Summa Britonis sive Guillelmi Britonis expositiones vocabularum biblie, c.1248-1267, a Latin dictionary of 2,500 difficult terms in the Bible, arranged in alphabetical order. Contains some vernacular glosses.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 48; Daly-Daly 1964: 237f.; Daly 1966; Daly 1967: 72; Grubmüller 1967: 29; Hessels 1910: 127; Matoré 1968: 50; Miethaner-Vent 1986: 99; Weijers 1989: 145; Weijers 1991: 17, 43.
    Ed. Daly-Daly 1975.
    l30 mss.

  • Hesychius, Lexicon, 5th c., very large Greek lexicon, alphabetically ordered.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 36; Daly 1967: 66f.; Sandys 1921: I, 378.
    Ed. Latte, Copenhagen 1953.
    1 ms. (15th century).

  • Hrabanus Maurus, De rerum naturis or De universo, vast encyclopaedia based on Isidore of Seville's Opus de universo. Includes an alphabetically-arranged etymological glossary.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 40; Laistner 1931: 176; Sandys 1921: I, 483.
    Ed. Strasbourg 1467.

  • Hugutio of Pisa, Magnae derivationes, c.1200, vast Latin dictionary, organized on the derivational system. Alphabetical to first letter only. Most mss. are furnished with a table to improve consultability. One of the chief sources of medieval lexicographical production.
    Lit.     Allen 1914: 45f.; Austin 1946; Buridant 1986: 26; Daly-Daly 1964: 235f.; Daly 1967: 73; Della Casa 1981: 40; Grubmüller 1967: 21f.; Hunt R.W. 1950; Hunt T. 1991: 382; Lindemann 1994: 113; Littré 1852: 9f.; Manitius: III, 191f.; Marinoni 1968: 139f.; Matoré 1968: 50; Merrilees 1990: 286; Merrilees 1994a: 52f.; Miethaner-Vent 1986: 91f. Wallis 1981: 28f; Weijers 1989: 142f.
    Never printed, but The Modern Language Association of America has produced Magnae Derivationes of Uguccione da Pisa: a reproduction of the MS Laud 626 in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, Collection of photographic facsimiles, no. 30, 1925.
    210+ mss.

  • Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae sive Origines), early 7th c., encyclopaedia in twenty books. Book I, De grammatica (a treatise on grammar) and Book X, De vocabulis (a glossary explaining the origin and meaning of certain substantives and adjectives) were very influential in medieval grammar and lexicography.
    Lit.     Amsler 1989: 133f.; Brehaut 1912; Collison 1982: 40; Fontaine 1981; Hessels 1910: 126; Holtz 1981: 258f.; Laistner 1931: 174, 176; Matoré 1968: 47; Sandys 1921: I, 456; Weijers 1989: 139; Weijers 1991: 41.
    Ed. Lindsay 1911.

  • Isidore of Seville, De differentia verborum, early 7th c., list of synonyms in first-letter alphabetical order, and De differentiis rerum, a list of terms of a theological and spiritual nature.
    Lit.     Brehaut 1912: 26; Lindemann 1994: 96.

  • John Balbi of Genoa, Catholicon, 1286, Latin grammatical work in five parts, of which book V is a large lexicon, based on Papias, Hugutio and others, and organized on the basis of alphabetical order and derivation. The most influential dictionary of the Middle Ages, and the source of many abridgments and adaptations, both Latin and Latin-vernacular.
    Lit.     Allen 1914: 43f.; Brandon 1904: 27; Bray 1989b: 1788; Buridant 1986: 27; CGL, I, 215f.; Collison 1982: 48; Daly-Daly 1964: 236f.; Daly 1967: 73; Della Casa 1981: 41f.; Grubmüller 1967: 26f.; Hunt T. 1991: I, 384f.; Lindemann 1985: 55f.; Lindemann 1994: 113f.; Littré 1852: 13f.; Marinoni 1968: 140; Merrilees 1990: 286; Merrilees 1994a: 52f.; Miethaner-Vent 1986: 99f.; Powitz 1988; Powitz 1996; Wallis 1981; Weijers 1989: 140, 143f.; Weijers 1990: 199, 201; Weijers 1991: 17, 42.
    Ed. Mainz 1460 (reprint Gregg: Westmead 1971), and 25+ later editions to 1521.
    200+ mss.

  • John Marchesinus, Mammotrectus, or Expositiones vocabulorum Biblie, beg. 14th c., a theological manual containing etymological explanations of difficult words in the Bible and in the liturgical Hours. In text order, accompanied by an alphabetical table. Based mainly on William Brito.
    Lit.     Allen 1914: 53f.; Collison 1982: 48; Sandys 1921: I, 667.
    Ed. Venice 1476; Paris 1521.

  • John of Garland, Commentarius, c.1246, thematic Latin glossary, describing features of the life of the nobility. Most mss. contain vernacular glosses.
    Lit.     Bursill-Hall 1976; Hessels 1910: 127; Hunt T. 1979c: 9f.; Hunt T. 1991: I, 204f.; Wright 1857.
    Ed. Hunt 1991.

  • John of Garland, Dictionarius, c.1220, thematic Latin glossary, arranged according to an assortment of everyday topics. Most mss. contain vernacular glosses.
    Lit.     Buridant 1986: 15; Bursill-Hall 1976; Collison 1982: 48; Della Casa 1981: 39 n.17; Hunt T. 1979b: 9f.; Hunt T. 1991: I, 191f.; Lindemann 1994: 123; Littré 1852: 11f.; Matoré 1968: 50; Roques 1936b: Xf.; Sandys 1921: I, 549f.
    Ed. Géraud 1837; Scheler 1865b; Wright 1867; Hunt 1991.

  • John of Garland, Unus omnium, 13th c., grammatical treatise in verse, based on the derivational principle.
    Lit.     Hunt T. 1979a; Hunt T. 1991: I, 395f.
    Ed. Hunt 1991.
    5 mss.

  • John the Grammarian, Comprehensorium, end 13th-beg. 14th c., Latin alphabetical dictionary compiled by a Spanish grammarian, based on the Catholicon and other sources. Origin of the first book printed in Spain.
    Lit.     Littré 1852: 23f.; Wallis 1981: 74.
    Ed. Valencia 1475.
    Ms. Madrid BN 1801; Paris BN lat. 7678.

  • Julius Caesar, De analogia, 1st c. B.C.
    Lit.     Nettleship 1895: 147f.; Sandys 1921: I, 180, 194.

  • Julius Pollux, Onomasticon, 2nd c., Attic glossary covering law and administration, music and dancing, medicine, the stage and numismatics.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 34; Daly 1967: 28; Matoré 1968: 42; Sandys 1921: I, 327.
    Ed. Venice 1502.

  • Liber glossarum, late 8th c., important Latin alphabetical glossary, based largely on the Etymologiae of Isidore. Main source for the Reichenau Glossary, the Glossarium Salomonis, and Papias. Also called Glossarium Ansileubi.
    Lit.     Bishop 1978; Buridant 1986: 26; Collison 1982: 42; Hessels 1910: 127; Laistner 1931: 178f.; Lindemann 1994: 94; Lindsay 1917; McGeachy 1938; Weijers 1989: 140; Weijers 1991: 41.
    Ed. GL, I.

  • Marcus Terentius Varro, De lingua latina, 1st c. BC, first treatise on the Latin language, of which only 6 of the original 25 books remain. Varro's etymological model for the study of language greatly influenced medieval grammar.
    Lit.     Amsler 1989: 24f.; Bertini 1981: 398; Collison 1982: 28f.; Daly 1967: 51f.; Hessels 1910: 125; Holtz 1981: 10; Matoré 1968: 42; Nettleship 1895: 147; Sandys 1921: I, 179; Taylor 1974; Weijers 1989: 139.
    Ed. Rome 1471, and many other early editions; Kent, London, 1938.

  • Marcus Terentius Varro, Disciplinarum libri novem, 1st c. B.C., first Latin work on the liberal arts.
    Lit.     Sandys 1921: I, 178.

  • Marcus Tullius Cicero, Synonyma, 1st c. B.C., collection of Latin synonyms, much used by later grammarians and lexicographers
    Lit.     Nettleship 1895: 147f.; Sandys 1921: I, 180, 194.

  • Nigidius Figulus, Commentarii grammatici, lst c. B.C. Early Latin grammar, dealing especially with orthography, synonyms and etymology.
    Lit.     Nettleship 1895: 147f.; Sandys 1921: I, 194.

  • Nonius Marcellus, De compendiosa doctrina, 4th c., encyclopaedic Latin work consisting of three parts: lexicographical, grammatical and antiquarian. Based largely on Varro, Probus and Pliny.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 35; Daly 1967: 58f; Lindemann 1994: 91; Nettleship 1885: 228f.; Sandys 1921: I, 220.
    Ed. Lindsay 1903.

  • Osbern of Gloucester, Panormia or Liber derivationum, c.1150, Latin dictionary combining two techniques: glossary and derivation. Many vernacular entries.
    Lit.     Bertini 1981: 403; Buridant 1986: 22; CGL, I, 204f; Della Casa 1981: 40; Grubmüller 1967: 21; Hessels 1910: 127; Hunt R.W. 1968; Hunt T. 1991: I, 372f.; Lindemann 1994: 113; Littré 1852: 8f.; Manitius: III, 187f.; Marinoni 1968: 136f.; Meyer M. 1874; Weijers 1989: 142
    Ed. ms. Vatican Reg. lat. 1392, Mai 1836.
    21 complete mss. and 6 fragments.

  • Papias, Elementarium doctrinae erudimentum, c.1050, first important Latin dictionary, based largely on the Liber glossarum, alphabetical to the third letter. Close to a glossary structure, but contains some examples of the derivational system, and some encyclopaedic articles. Very influential in later Latin lexicography.
    Lit.     Allen 1914: 46f.; Buridant 1986: 26; Collison 1982: 47; Daly-Daly 1964: 229f.; Daly 1967: 71f.; de Angelis 1977; Della Casa 1981: 40; Grubmüller 1967: 20; Hessels 1910: 127; Hunt T. 1991: I, 371f.; Lindemann 1994: 100f.; Littré 1852: 5f.; Marinoni 1968: 132f.; Matoré 1968: 52; Merrilees 1990: 285f.; Merrilees 1994a: 50f.; Miethaner-Vent 1986: 96f.; Sandys 1921: I, 521; Weijers 1989: 141f.
    Ed. Milan 1476; Venice 1485, 1491, 1496 (the latter edition was reprinted at Turin in 1966); de Angelis 1977, 3 volumes, letter A.
    110 mss.

  • Paulus Diaconus (Paul the Deacon), 8th c., a commentary on Donatus, and an epitome of Festus's abridgement of the De verborum significatu of Verrius Flaccus.
    Lit.     Engels 1961: 2; Weijers 1989: 139; Weijers 1991: 41.

  • Peter Helias, Summa super Priscianum, c.1150, a commentary on Priscian's Institutiones grammaticae.
    Lit.     Hunt, R.W. 1950; Manitius: III, 184f.; Reilly 1993; Sandys 1921: I, 667.

  • Peter of Riga, Aurora, 12th c., vast poem on the Old Testament; grammatical rules developed in verse.
    Lit.     Della Casa 1981: 44.

  • Photius, Lexicon, 9th c., Greek lexicon including material from earlier glossaries, alphabetical to the second letter.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 36; Daly 1967: 67; Sandys 1921: I, 378.
    1 ms. Codex Galeanus, Trinity College, Cambridge.
    Ed. Naber, Leyden 1864.

  • Photius, Etymologicum genuinum and Etymologicum parvum, 9th c., two lexica based on the etymological principle, which greatly influenced later Byzantine lexicography. Alphabetical to the third letter.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 36; Daly 1967: 67; Sandys 1921: I, 400, 414f.

  • Pierre Bersuire, Reductorium, repertorium et dictionarium morale utriusque testamenti, beg. 14th c., a manual for the clergy, of which Part 3 is an alphabetically-arranged glossary of more than 3,000 words from the Bible, with moral expositions.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 48.
    Ed. for ex. Nuremberg 1489.
    Many mss.

  • Placidus, Glossae Placidi, 6th c., Latin alphabetical grammar and glossary, much copied in later medieval glossaries.
    Lit.     Della Casa 1981: 37; CGL, II, 60f.; Hessels 1910: 126; Littré 1852: 2f.; Nettleship 1885: 244.
    Ed. Rome 1836; CGL, V,

  • Plato, Cratylus, 5th c. B.C., a Dialogue in which three speakers uphold different positions on the origin of language.
    Lit.     Amsler 1989: 32; Sandys 1921: I, 92.

  • Pliny the Elder, Dubius sermo, lst c., grammatical treatise based chiefly on Varro, Verrius Flaccus and the De analogia of Julius Caesar. Source for a number of later grammarians.
    Lit.     Nettleship 1895: 161, 163; Sandys 1921: I, 204f.

  • Pliny the Elder, Historia naturalis, 1st c., monumental wordbook on natural history, largely copied from Greek sources.
    Lit.     Daly 1967: 38; Sandys 1921: I, 204.

  • Priscian, Institutiones grammaticae, c.510, comprehensive Latin grammar consisting of 18 books. Together with Donatus, the grammatical authority of the Middle Ages.
    Lit.     Amsler 1989: 59f.; Della Casa 1981: 40f.; Holtz 1981: 238f. & passim; Marinoni 1968: 130f., 134f.; Sandys 1921: I, 272f.
    Ed. Keil, Grammatici Latini.
    1,000+ mss.

  • Promptorium parvulorum, 1440, English-Latin alphabetical dictionary, consisting of 2 parts: Nominale and Verbale. Composed by an English Dominican and based mainly on the Catholicon.
    Lit.     Buridant 1986: 20; Starnes 1954: 3f.; Wallis 1981: 75.
    Ed. Pynson 1499; Wynkyn de Worde; Julian Notary; Mayhew, 1908.

  • Reichenau Glossary, 10th c., Latin glossary in 2 parts - a biblical glossary in text order, and an alphabetical wordlist - with vulgar Latin, Romanic and German glosses.
    Lit.     Bischoff 1981; Buridant 1986: 13; Klein 1968; Labhardt 1936; Lindemann 1994: 100f.; Matoré 1968: 51f.; Wagner 1967: I, 97f.

  • Sextus Pompeius Festus, 2nd c. abridgement of Verrius Flaccus's De verborum significatu.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 34; Engels 1961: 2; Sandys 1921: I, 200.

  • Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, 5th c., alphabetical Greek geographical lexicon.
    Lit.     Daly 1967: 66; Sandys 1921: I, 379.
    Fragments.

  • Suda, 10th c., large Greek alphabetical lexicon; a combination of glossary and encyclopaedia.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 45; Matoré 1968: 43; Sandys 1921: I, 407f.
    Ed. 1499, and many other early editions.

  • Suetonius Tranquillus, Prata, 2nd c., encyclopaedia (now lost) which was a source for later authors and compilers.
    Lit.     Nettleship 1885: 248; Sandys 1921: I, 209f.

  • Valerius Harpocration, The Technical Terms of the Ten Orators, 1st c. A.D., lexicon of the language of Attic orators, quotes extensively from the works of poets, historians, travellers, and others.
    Lit.     Daly 1967: 33; Sandys 1921: I, 326.

  • Verrius Flaccus, De verborum significatu, lst c. BC, first treatise on Latin language, abridged by Sextus Pompeius Festus in the 2nd c. AD, and further abridged by Paul the Deacon in the 8th c.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 30f.; Engels 1961; Hessels 1910: 125f.; Lindemann 1994: 91; Nettleship 1895: 158; Sandys 1921: I, 200; Weijers 1989: 139.

  • Vocabularius brevilogus, late 14th c., Latin alphabetical dictionary, based on the Catholicon and its predecessors. Divided into three parts - Nomina, Verba and Indeclinabilia. Mss. usually contain German glosses. Source for the printed Vocabularius breviloquus compiled by Johannes Reuchlin.
    Lit.     Buridant 1986: 28; Grubmüller 1967: 31f.; Hessels 1910: 127; Lindemann 1994: 116f.; Miethaner-Vent 1986: 85f.; Weijers 1989: 150.
    Many mss.

  • Vocabularius Ex quo, c.1400, alphabetical Latin dictionary often containing German glosses, based on large Latin dictionaries and on the Vocabularius brevilogus.
    Lit.     Grubmüller 1967; Grubmüller-Schnell 1988: 71f.; Lindemann 1994: 95.
    Ed. Eltville 1467 and many other early editions; Grubmüller-Schnell 1988.
    Many mss.

  • Walafrid Strabo, Glossa ordinaria, 9th c., a glossary of terms in the Vulgate; later much copied and revised.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 42; Sandys 1921: I, 485.

    2. New Printed Works to 1539

  • Calepino (Ambrogio), Dictionarium, large Latin dictionary, which later became a popular polyglot dictionary for nearly 3 centuries. All modern European languages, as well as Hebrew and Greek, appeared in the Dictionarium at one time or another, but all editions follow the alphabetical order of Latin, making Latin the only entry point.
    Lit.     Armstrong 1954: 84; Brandon 1904: 28f.; Labarre 1975; Lindemann 1985: 71f.; Lindemann 1994: 188; Matoré 1968: 59.
    Ed. Reggio nell'Emilia 1502; 200+ editions to 1779.

  • Catholicon abbreviatum, also known as Catholicon parvum, Vocabularius brevidicus, Vocabularius breviloquus, first printed Latin-French dictionary, based on a manuscript belonging to the Aalma series. A small dictionary (approximately 13,000 articles) whose purpose was to teach Latin to students.
    Lit.     Lépinette 1992: 251f.; Lindemann 1985: 56-63; Lindemann 1994: 221-40; Merrilees 1990: 289f.; Roques 1938: xii.
    Ed. see Bibliography: Part C.

  • Estienne (Robert), Thesaurus. A Latin dictionary which is considered to be the foundation of modern Latin lexicography. It is notable for the quantity and the quality of citations from Latin classics. The Thesaurus included French forms in the first edition of 1531 and the second of 1536. French was omitted from Estienne's third and last edition printed in 1543.
    Ed. 1531, 1536, 1543 (Estienne), + many later editions.
  • Estienne (Robert), Dictionarium Latino-gallicum. A bilingual Latin-French dictionary based on the Thesaurus but intended for students. Names of writers and other authorities are omitted.
    Ed. 1538, 1543, 1544, 1546 (Estienne), 1552, 1561.
  • Estienne (Robert), Dictionaire Francoislatin. The first printed bilingual French-Latin dictionary. It appeared in 1539 and is regarded as the cornerstone of modern French lexicography. Improvements were made in the 1549 edition, which laid more emphasis on the quality of French.
    Ed. 1539, 1549 (Estienne); 1564 (Thierry); 1573 (Nicot-Dupuys); 1606 (Nicot).
    Lit.     Allen 1914: 48; Armstrong 1986; Brandon 1904; Firmin-Didot 1868: 108f.; Lindemann 1985: 75; Lindemann 1994, 259-74, 315, 326; Matoré 1968: 59f.; Merrilees 1990: 290; Renouard 1843; Starnes 1965; Wooldridge 1975; Wooldridge 1977; Wooldridge 1978; Wooldridge 1989a; Wooldridge 1989b.

  • Grapaldus (Franciscus), Lexicon de partibus aedium, thematic Latin dictionary comprising 24 chapters, each describing the furnishings and apparatus of a particular part of a house. One of the sources of Calepino's Dictionarium.
    Lit.     Collison 1982: 64; Green 1996: 50.
    Ed. Parma 1494 and many later editions.

  • Le Talleur (Guillaume), Vocabularius familiaris et compendiosus, large Latin-French dictionary, closely related to the manuscript Dictionarius of Firmin Le Ver and the manuscript Glossarium gallico-latinum. Based on the Catholicon, Papias, Hugutio, the Vocabularius breviloquus and other texts.
    Lit.     Le Verdier 1916: 120f.; Lindemann 1994: 244f.; Merrilees 1990: 289; Merrilees-Edwards 1989: 49f.; Merrilees-Edwards 1995.
    Ed. Le Talleur, Rouen c.1490; Morin, Rouen 1500.
    Ed. in progress Merrilees-Edwards.

  • Nebrija (Aelio Antonio de), Lexicon o diccionario latino-español, Latin-Spanish alphabetical dictionary compiled by Spanish grammarian and humanist Nebrija, whose sources are not yet determined. Reversed in 1495 as Latin-Spanish Vocabulario español-latino. Basis for Catalan adaptation of 1507 (Diccionario latín-catalán catalán-latín), which is the source for the Latin-French Vocabularius nebrissensis.
    Lit.     Artz 1966: 83; Buridant 1986: 20; Lépinette 1992: 228f.; Lindemann 1985: 64; Lindemann 1994: 250, 256.
    Ed. Salamanca 1492 (facsimile edition Barcelona 1979).

  • Reuchlin (Johannes), Vocabularius breviloquus, a monolingual Latin dictionary based on the fourteenth-century Latin-German Vocabularius brevilogus. The nomenclature is divided into 3 parts: Nomina, Verba and Indeclinabilia, each part being ordered alphabetically to the third letter. Usually printed with other grammatical treatises: Ars diphthongandi of Guarinus Veronensi and De arte punctandi dialogus and De accentu of Johannes Heynlin.
    Lit.     Barham 1843: 42; Daly-Daly 1964: 239; Lindemann 1994: 118f.
    Ed. Amerbach, Basle 1475 + many other editions.

  • Vocabularium latinis gallicis et theutonicis verbis scriptum, early sixteenth-century thematically-arranged dictionary in three languages: Latin, French and German.
    Ed. Thomas, Lyons 1514, and several later editions.

  • Vocabularius nebrissensis/Epithoma vocabularum, early sixteenth-century alphabetical Latin-French dictionary, intended for the use of preachers and students having some knowledge of Latin. The author is unknown but it is based on Gabriel Busa's Latin-Catalan adaptation of Antonio de Nebrija's Latin-Spanish dictionary.
    Lit.     Firmin-Didot 1868: 108; Lépinette 1992; Lindemann 1985: 64-71; Lindemann 1994: 251f.
    Ed. Vocabularius nebrissensis: Lyons 1511, Paris 1516, Lyons 1517, Paris 1523, Lyons 1524, Paris 1528, Paris 1538, Paris 1541; Epithoma vocabularum: Caen [undated] before 1529, Caen 1529, Caen [undated] c.1530.